In 10 years only the database will grow and not the filessystems where the SAP and Oracle binaries are kept. The Oracle data files will be kept in the /oracle/<SID>/sapdataX filesystems and you should have enough space there for the database to grow.
The filesystems like /usr/sap/trans and /sapmnt/<SID> are not required seperately on all the nodes. They should be created on the CI node and mounted on the AS nodes if the AS's are running on different machines. You do not need /usr/sap and /sapmnt/<SID> on the DB server. I do not know the importance of other filesystems like /dump, /appdata because I never needed those.
DB node
DATABASE File system
File System Space (GB)
/oracle 1 GB
/oracle/<SID> 1 GB
/oracle/<SID>/11204 10 GB
/oracle/<SID>/mirrlogA 2 GB
/oracle/<SID>/mirrlogB 2 GB
/oracle/<SID>/origlogA 2 GB
/oracle/<SID>/origlogB 2 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapdata1 100 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapdata2 100 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapdata3 100 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapdata4 100 GB
/oracle/<SID>/oraarch 50 GB
/oracle/<SID>/saparch 1 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapreorg 2 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapcheck 2 GB
/oracle/<SID>/sapbackup 2 GB
/oracle/stage/112_64 20 GB
SAP
On CI node
/usr/sap/trans 40 GB
/sapmnt/<SID> 5 GB
/usr/sap/<SID> 5 GB
/oracle/client 1 GB
On AS nodes
/usr/sap/<SID> 5 GB
/oracle/client 1 GB
The above allocation is just my recommendation but if you want to go ahead with the allocation which you have mentioned above then it is upto you.
The important thing is that you do not create the /usr/sap/trans /sapmnt/SID filesystems on all nodes separately. They should be on one node and mounted to others.